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Amateur and professional. Teams completed the OShaughnessy Dam in 1923 and the reservoir filled for the first time in May of that year. [11] [2] Describe the different approaches to municipal reform. According to the philosophy of pragmatism, society should be guided by. Muir and other defenders of Hetch Hetchy believe the fight revolved around two central issues. Ballinger-Pinchot dispute: Ballinger was charged with having once conniving to turn over valuable public coal lands in Alaska to a private syndicate for personal profit. The naturalists and advocates of the dam argued for years and eventually after WWI, the dam was approved and constructed. menright to vote (Elizabeth Cady Stanton). What impact did muckrakers have on the American public? What dramatically weakened the socialists? o Opponents called them the "Wobblies". They poured an estimated total of more than 398,000 cubic yards (304,000 cubic meters) of concrete to form the dam. Roosevelt: Reformers viewed state legislatures as corruptincompetent, corrupt, controlled by party bosses. Some believed in working for reform through electoral politics, others favored militant direct action. At full capacity, the reservoir stretches eight miles (13 km) upstream of the OShaughnessy Dam. "Progressive" Amendments: 17th Amendment, 18th Amendment, 19th . HETCH HETCHY: The Epic Enviro Battle That Changed America The Hetch Hetchy Valley was within Yosemite National Park and protected by the Federal Government, leaving it up to Congress to decide the valley's fate. . On this trip were Gifford Pinchot, a young forester who would eventually become the first chief of the U.S. Forest Service, and John Muir, the most famous naturalist in American history. San Francisco had its eyes on this water source early on and repeatedly tried to acquire water rights to the Tuolumne River. General Federation of Women's Clubs (GFWC): formed to coordinate the activities of local organizations. Coming from the San Francisco Bay Area youll pass right through Buck Meadows on Highway 120. But if you still have energy, continue past the bridge to Rancheria Falls. Waterfalls gushed at Hetch Hetchy after an atmospheric river event in October 2021. Do you feel that this is still the thinking of our current society? In 1900, the emergence of research laboratories in American corporations. It carried workers and materials for the dam, as well as tourists, postage and other amenities. Gravel, logs, and other important food and habitat features can become trapped. He added significantly to the National Park System. For western states, the most important target of reform energies was the federal governmentthey Today, the National Park and U.S. Forest Service embody the legacy of Muir and Pinchots alliance. 02/08/2011. First mass organization among women devoted to social reform. Gifford Pinchot, the first chief of the U.S. Forest Service, with his friend Theodore Roosevelt in 1907. For all the similarities between Hetch Hetchy Valley and Yosemite Valley, there is one enormous difference the Hetch Hetchy reservoir. Many blamed the Wobblies for dynamiting railroad lines, power stations, and other acts In the sum of American economic expansion the intrusion might have seemed a minor, obscure matter, but to [John] Muir immense issues were involved: why had the nation preserved that pure wildness in the first place? Others envisioned a moderate reform that would allow small-scale private enterprise to survive, but would nationalize major industries. o Assistant secretary of the navyproponent of expansion What did the congressional elections of 1910 show? Women found themselves excluded from most of the emerging professions. They also argued that it would help the temperance movementgiving the largest group of supporters a political voice. You could then scuba ElCapitan down to the valley floor. o One of the few labor organizations of the time to champion the cause of unskilled workers had more authority in the west then the state and municipal governments. Could you imagine building a dam inside a national park today? o "Antimonopoly": fear of concentrated powerneed to limit and disperse authority and wealth. Expect delicious meals and hearty portions to fuel your adventure or beat that post-hiking hunger. Between 1908 and 1913, Congress debated whether to make a water resource available or preserve a wilderness when the growing city of San Francisco, California proposed building a dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley to provide a steady water supply. They formed an alliance around the belief that natural places like Lake McDonald were important enough for the federal government to permanently ownand manage. should be reserved, protected, and administered by the Federal Government . Chapter 28 Apush. Referendum: Issues: Founder of Settlement House Movement. Monroe went on to lobby members of Congress as the battle moved to Washington D.C. She was a tireless advocate who believed that people needed to be educated in order to do what was best for everyone involved. How did Teddy Roosevelt become president? In 1901, one of the first professions to organize on a national level was in the field of, When it came to environmental issues, Theodore Roosevelt Now San Francisco wanted to dam one of the two principal watersheds in the park, the Hetch Hetchy valley through which ran the Tuolumne River, to create a reservoir for its water supply. Building a dam there was off the table. PDF Chapter 28 & 29 IDs 2014 - APUSH Review What was the Hetch Hetchy controversy Apush? - Kyoto2.org Hetch Hetchy was the first major battle of the environmental movement. Congress would decide the fate of the Hetchy Hetchy Valley.